Introduction to Software
What is Software?
When you look at a computer, you see physical parts like the monitor, keyboard, mouse, and CPU. These are called hardware.
But hardware alone cannot do anything. To make it work, we need software.
Software is a set of instructions, programs, or data that tell the computer how to perform tasks.
In simple terms:
Hardware = body
Software = brain that tells the body what to do
Without software, a computer is just a box of metal and wires.
Characteristics of Software
Intangible – You cannot touch it, only use it.
Set of instructions – Written in programming languages.
Task-oriented – Designed to perform specific functions.
Upgradable – Can be updated or improved over time.
Dependent on hardware – Needs hardware to run.
Functions of Software
Helps in running the computer system.
Allows users to interact with hardware.
Provides a platform for applications.
Helps in problem-solving and automation.
Ensures efficient use of resources (CPU, memory, storage).
Types of Software
System Software
Software that controls and manages the computer hardware.
Examples: Windows, Linux, macOS, Android.
Subtypes:
Operating System
Utilities (Antivirus, Disk Cleanup)
Device Drivers
Firmware
Language Translators (Compiler, Interpreter)
Application Software
Programs designed for specific user tasks.
Examples: MS Word (document writing), Photoshop (image editing), VLC Player (media playing).
Types:
General Purpose (Word, Excel, Browsers)
Specialized (Hospital Management System, Accounting Software)
Middleware (Optional Advanced Concept)
Acts as a bridge between system software and applications in networking.
Example: Database Middleware, Messaging Middleware.
Difference Between System Software and Application Software
| Feature | System Software | Application Software |
|---|---|---|
| Purpose | Runs and manages computer system | Helps user perform tasks |
| Example | Windows, Drivers, Antivirus | MS Word, Photoshop, Zoom |
| Runs on | Background (always running) | Foreground (user opens it) |
| Dependency | Essential for hardware to work | Needs system software to run |
Examples of Software in Daily Life
System Software: Android on your phone, Windows on your laptop.
Application Software: WhatsApp, Google Chrome, Spotify.
Quick Recap (Cheat Sheet)
Software = Set of programs that make hardware useful.
Two main types = System Software + Application Software.
System Software runs the computer.
Application Software helps the user.
